SELECT 
  product_id, 
  group_id 
FROM 
  cscart_product_variation_group_products 
WHERE 
  group_id IN (49, 25, 19, 32)

Query time 0.00030

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_product_variation_group_products",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": ["idx_group_id"],
      "key": "idx_group_id",
      "key_length": "3",
      "used_key_parts": ["group_id"],
      "rows": 19,
      "filtered": 100,
      "index_condition": "cscart_product_variation_group_products.group_id in (49,25,19,32)"
    }
  }
}

Result

product_id group_id
180 19
179 19
136 19
139 25
191 25
192 25
111 32
211 32
212 32
213 32
214 32
215 32
216 32
217 32
218 32
133 49
277 49
278 49