SELECT 
  type 
FROM 
  cscart_seo_names 
WHERE 
  name = 'ramen-panda-t' 
  AND (
    cscart_seo_names.company_id = 2 
    OR cscart_seo_names.company_id = 0
  )

Query time 0.00030

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_seo_names",
      "access_type": "ref",
      "possible_keys": ["name", "type"],
      "key": "name",
      "key_length": "752",
      "used_key_parts": ["name"],
      "ref": ["const"],
      "rows": 1,
      "filtered": 100,
      "index_condition": "cscart_seo_names.`name` = 'ramen-panda-t'",
      "attached_condition": "cscart_seo_names.company_id = 2 or cscart_seo_names.company_id = 0"
    }
  }
}